## B

### Bending limit moment

Permissible static bending limit which does not cause any permanent significant changes in the physical properties of the force sensor when simultaneously loaded with the nominal force.

### Bridge input resistance

Ohmic resistance between the +VS and -VS voltage supply connections of a passive sensor.

### Bridge output resistance

Ohmic resistance between the sig+ and sig- signal outputs of a passive sensor.

### Bridge resistance

Ohmic resistance of the entire measuring bridge.

### Bridge voltage

Stabilized supply voltage for the passive sensor.

### Burden

Maximum load resistance of a current output. The burden is the measuring resistance (input resistance of the analog measuring card) to convert the signal current into a measurable voltage.

## C

### Corrosion protection

Corrosion protection describes the corrosion category in DIN EN ISO 12944-2 according to which the sensor can be used without problems under certain ambient conditions.

### Current consumption

The maximum current consumption under nominal conditions; the starting current may be higher for a few ms.

## E

### EMC

Directive / standard on interference immunity, electromagnetic emissions and irradiation.

## F

### Fatigue strength

Load limit related to the nominal force up to which the sensor can undergo more than at least 1 million dynamic load cycles without permanent changes in the metrological properties. Also often to be found in literature under the term relative working stroke.

### Fundamental resonant frequency

Resonant frequency with which the unloaded force sensor parts, without force introduction, oscillates after shock-like excitation in the direction of the measuring axis, its base provided for securing it being coupled to an adequate mass.

## H

### Hysteresis

Hysteresis, or also known in the literature as hysteresis error, is the difference between the output signals of an up and down series under the same load, relative to the output signal under increasing load, under ideal installation conditions. Influencing factors are the material hysteresis of the sensor body, the hysteresis in the measuring principle as well as external frictional influences caused by the measuring setup.

## I

### Insulation resistance

Ohmic resistance, measured between any connecting cable and the sensor body under a defined test voltage.

## L

### Lateral limit force

Permissible static lateral force which does not cause any permanent significant changes in the physical properties of the force sensor when simultaneously loaded with the nominal force.

### Limit torque

Permissible torque of the force sensor around the measuring axis which does not cause any permanent significant changes in the physical properties of the force sensor when simultaneously loaded with the nominal force.

Minimum input resistance of the connected measuring system.

## M

### Measuring rate

The measuring rate describes the internal sampling rate of the analog sensor signal.

### Measuring resolution

Smallest possible subdivision of transferable measured values in digital systems.

### Minimum breaking force

The minimum breaking force describes the force of the force sensor above which mechanical destruction is to be expected. If the load exceeds the minimum breaking force, further use of the sensor is no longer recommended.

## N

### Noise

Effective value of the noise of the output signal in the specified frequency range.

### Nominal force

Nominal force is the force for which the sensor is nominally designed, i.e. up to which the metrological specifications are complied with. Depending on the type, a distinction can be made between tensile and nominal compression force. In the following specifications, the percentage always refers to the nominal force.

### Nominal measuring path

The nominal measuring path describes the path that the two external force introduction points or surfaces of the force sensor take relative to each other in the measuring direction as a result of a load with nominal force. The typical nominal measuring path for diaphragm force sensors is approx. 0.1 mm.

### Nominal sensitivity

Ratiometric output signal of a passive sensor at nominal force. The output signal is proportional to the bridge voltage $$U_{E}$$ .

### Nominal strain

Nominal strain is the strain for which the sensor is nominally designed, i.e. up to which the metrological specifications are complied with. In the following specifications, the percentage always refers to the nominal strain.

### Non-linearity

Non-linearity is the maximum deviation of the calibration curve of a sensor, determined with increasing force from the reference line through the zero point, under ideal installation conditions. The reference line is a compensation function of the first degree, the slope of which is determined in such a way that the sum of the squares of all signal deviations from the reference line results in a minimum (in literature: weighted least squares method). The main cause of non-linearity is often a non-symmetrical introduction of force.

## O

### Operating temperature range

The operating temperature range describes the temperature range in which the sensor complies with the physical specifications.

### Output signal

Type of output signal of the sensor with electric amplifier. The output signal is proportional to the nominal force. For a 100 N force sensor with a voltage output of 0 - 10 V, 0 V corresponds to 0 N and 10 V corresponds to a nominal force of 100 N.

Overload is the force up to which the force sensor remains fully functional under a single load and continues to comply with the technical specifications. The sensor does not undergo any plastic deformation.

## P

### Protection class DIN EN 60529

The protection class indicates to what extent the sensor is protected against moisture and dust as well as the ingress of foreign bodies.

## R

### Random DIN EN 60068-2-64

Resistance of the sensor to vibration, without the sensor experiencing any permanent significant changes in its metrological properties up to nominal force.

### Repeatability

Repeatability describes the accuracy of the sensor when the installation position is not changed. The maximum difference between the output signals with the same force is determined from several measurement series when the installation position is not changed. Repeatability is particularly important for force sensors that are installed only once.

### Reproducibility

Reproducibility describes the accuracy of the sensor when the installation position is changed. The maximum difference between the output signals with the same force is determined from several measurement series in different installation positions. Reproducibility is particularly important for force sensors that measure temporarily and are installed and removed frequently.

## S

### Sensitivity tolerance

Relative deviation of sensitivity under nominal load from nominal sensitivity.

### Sensor stiffness

Sensor stiffness is defined as the ratio of force to axial deformation of the sensor body. The fundamental resonant frequency of the sensor can be decisively influenced with the help of sensor stiffness.

### Shock DIN EN 60068-2-27

Resistance of the sensor to impacts (mechanical shocks), without the sensor experiencing any permanent significant changes in its metrological properties up to nominal force.

### Signal polarity positive

Positive change in the output signal with defined direction of the input parameter.

### Storage temperature range

Temperature range in which the sensor can be stored without mechanical or electrical stress, without any permanent significant changes in its physical properties being detectable when the sensor is reused within the operating temperature range.

### Supply voltage

In this voltage range, the sensor can be operated permanently over the entire operating temperature range without exceeding the limits of the physical properties and without impairing the electrical protective circuit.

### Switching frequency

At this frequency the output signal is attenuated by 3dB (to about 70.7%).

## T

### Temperature effect sensitivity

$$TK_{E}$$ describes the relative change in the sensitivity of the force sensor as a result of the change in the ambient temperature $$T_{i}$$ of 10 K. This information is given in % per 10 K.

### Temperature effect zero

$$TK_{0}$$ describes the change of the zero signal of the force sensor related to the nominal sensitivity due to a change in the ambient temperature $$T_{i}$$ of 10 K. This information is given in % per 10 K.

## V

### Vibration DIN EN 60068-2-6

Resistance of the sensor to forced sinusoidal oscillatory movements with a specified degree of severity, without permanent significant changes in its metrological properties being detectable up to nominal force.

## Z

At least this voltage must be applied to the zero adjustment input so that zero adjustment can be reliably started.

This voltage must not be exceeded at the zero adjustment input to reliably ensure that no zero adjustment is started.

The zero adjustment pulse is the minimum time in which $$U_{Ta}$$ must be exceeded to start zero adjustment.